In Magento 2, You can add a new custom tab on the Customer Edit page.
If you want to add a new tab in the Customer edit section for your custom requirement, You can add easily a customer tab in the Customer edit section.
You need to create a simple module to add an extra tab in the customer edit section.
Refer to the code snippet for adding an extra tab,
I have taken Rbj as Packagename and CustomerTab as modulename for simplicity.

I have added custom tab from tour code but in phtml file i was trying to call one JS using x-magento-init but JS is not loading.
Can you help me with this?