How to get Dependent(Sequence) module list of a specific module programmatically in Magento 2?

You can get the list of dependent module and schema version for a specific module using programmatically by Magento\Framework\Module\ModuleList class.

You can manually check the list of the dependent module for a module using an etc/module.xml file.

Let’s we Check the dependency list for a Catalog Module. you can check the module.xml file for catalog module is,

<config xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="urn:magento:framework:Module/etc/module.xsd">
    <module name="Magento_Catalog" >
        <sequence>
            <module name="Magento_Eav"/>
            <module name="Magento_Cms"/>
            <module name="Magento_Indexer"/>
            <module name="Magento_Customer"/>
        </sequence>
    </module>
</config>

you can check above XML, There are four modules on which catalog is dependent.