You can retrieve the attribute set data by id in Magento 2 to know about attribute details.
You can use Magento\Catalog\Api\AttributeSetRepositoryInterface to retrieve the attribute set info with get($attributeId) method.
Output will be entity_type_id, attribute_set_name and sort order of the attribute set.
<?php
namespace Jesadiya\AttributeSet\Model;
use Exception;
use Magento\Eav\Api\Data\AttributeSetInterface;
use Magento\Catalog\Api\AttributeSetRepositoryInterface;
class AttributeSet
{
    /**
     * @var AttributeSetRepositoryInterface
     */
    private $attributeSetRepository;
    public function __construct(
        AttributeSetRepositoryInterface $attributeSetRepository
    ) {
        $this->attributeSetRepository = $attributeSetRepository;
    }
    /**
     * @param int $attributeSetId
     * @return AttributeSetInterface
     */
    public function getAttributeSet($attributeSetId)
    {
        try {
            $attributeSet = $this->attributeSetRepository->get($attributeSetId);
        } catch (Exception $exception) {
            throw new Exception($exception->getMessage());
        }
        return $attributeSet;
    }
}
Call getAttributeSet method from the PHP class or tempalte file to explore the result,
$attributeSetId = 4; $attributeSet = $this->getAttributeIdbyProductIds($attributeSetId); echo "<pre>";print_r($attributeSet->debug());
Output
Array
(
    [attribute_set_id] => 4
    [entity_type_id] => 4
    [attribute_set_name] => Default
    [sort_order] => 1
)
